The belief that the United states had a duty to spread democracy across the continent.
Members of the same country (the Confederacy wasn't recognized - it doesn't count as a separate country) were making absolute war on one another. It was brother fighting brother.
Well parrot fish eat algae. Then sea urchin eat little fish and this is the result of the food chain I explained this a little weird hope this helps though
B. Living in ethnic enclaves. This can be compared to modern times.