The eastern roman empire/ Byzantine Empire fell in 1453. hopefully this helps.
Answer:
b
Step-by-step explanation:
If you know that
, then you know right away

###
Otherwise, you can derive the same result. Let
, so that
.
is bounded, so we know
. For these values of
, we always have
.
So, recalling the Pythagorean theorem, we find

Then

as expected.
Step-by-step explanation:
the last one
x^2+2x+1 R(-5)
36. U get 36 because 36 divided by 4 equals 9 and 36 and 4 can’t go any further than that.