Cognitive surplus results when leisure time and available tools allow us to engage in creative acts. It is a term that was introduced by Clay Shirky which pertains to the synthesis of the excess of people's energy, time and creativity leading to productivity sharing and creation.
Coding works through programming/programs. Programs have different coding languages, and text files. The code within the file is known as the "source CODE" this code is used in different ways, causing for the possibility of separate binary files that computers can directly run. Hope I helped.