Answer:
Quasi-natural experiments, by contrast, do not involve random application of a treatment. Instead, a treatment is applied due to social or political factors.
<span>Joanne is being affected by Stereotype threat
Stereotype threat is a phenomenon when someone fears that they may realize/conform to the stereotype that exists about their social group.
In most cases, individuals who experience stereotype threat often come from the social group with negative stereotypes</span>
Answer:
d) the group that is subjected to the change that the independent variable represents.
Explanation:
Experimental group: The experimental group is also referred to as a treatment group because this is the group that receives treatment in a given experiment. Here, the group refers to test subjects like animals, people, plants, etc. In the experimental group, the independent variable is being changed.
In an experimental research study, the group which is an experimental group is the group that is subjected to the change that the independent variable represents.
Answer:
A. Jack is making a(n) <u>internal attribution</u> about his girlfriend's behavior, whereas John is making a(n) <u>external attribution</u>.
Explanation:
An internal attribution refers to a situation in which <u>an individual uses a personal reason to explain the outcome of a situation</u>. For example, a specific behavior is the result of the person's personality.
On the other hand, an external attribution refers to the situation when <u>the individual attributes a result to an external situation or environmental factor</u>, not to the person's characteristics. For example, when you fail an exam and you blame an external factor, such as the teacher or the weather.
In this case, <u>Jack is making an internal attribution</u> about his girlfriend's behavior because he thinks she broke up with him because she is selfish; whereas <u>John is making an external attribution</u> because he thinks his girlfriend broke up with him because she had a family emergency to attend.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
It is true that shaping is often used in operant conditioning in order to learn complex behaviours. Shaping occurs when, instead of only rewarding the target behaviour, approximations of the behaviour are also rewarded. This is due to the expectation that over time, these behaviours would grow closer to the desired response. Therefore, the behaviour is considered to be gradually changed, or "shaped."
