A granum (if you have 1 stack of thylakoids, this is singular). Also, if you have more than 1 stack of these they are collectively referred to grana.
Parents that are loving and caring will most likely raise one that is similar. On the other hand, a parent that is abusive and mad constantly, will raise one that is mad and moody as well.
Answer:
Hi!
The answer is (C) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation:
Drug Metabolism:
- Drug metabolism is divided into two steps: Phase 1 and Phase 2 reactions.
- Phase 1 reactions involve the degradation or formation of functional groups.
- Phase 2 reactions involve the conjugation of the drug or its Phase 1 intermediate with a polar conjugating molecule. Phase 2 generally performs the detoxification step in the drug degradation process.
- Phase 2 or conjugation reactions are further divided into 2 types:
- Type 1: Glucoronidation and sulfonation: An activated conjugating molecule such as glucoronic acid, sulfate or glutathione etc. is combined with the drug to form a conjugated molecule.
- Type 2: Amino acid conjugation: An activated drug or substrate is conjugated with an amino acid such as glycine or glutamine.
Glutathione Conjugation:
Glutathione is a tripeptide found in most tissues, particularly in the liver. It performs important detoxification functions for all cells. The enzyme, glutathione S-transferase conjugates glutathione with drug intermediates to form a drug-glutathione conjugate. This conjugate can easily be excreted through bile or urine.
Amino acid Conjugation:
This is an important reaction in xenobiotic biotransformation; particularly for xenobiotics with carboxylic group or an aromatic hydroxylamine groups. Drug intermediates combine with glycine or glutamine to form an amino acid conjugate.
Explanation:
well a mutation in my opinion is genetic change that happened in the animal this could be beneficial or may not be. natural selection is a process that ensures only the best of the species survives and more of them will produce because all of the flawed ones will die off. adaptaion is when a plant or animal adapts to its surrounding over time they may develop a charterisric that will help them thrive. all of them tie togethor
