Answer: Acid-fast and Gram
Explanation:
The gram stains peptidoglycan and the acid-fast stain stains mycolic acid, which are both in the cell wall.
The option which is not a characteristic of chordates is chloroplasts in their cells.
Chordates do have a dorsal supporting rod (vertebrates are types of chordates - they have a spine), a dorsal hollow nerve cord (within the spine), and pharyngeal pouches. However, they do not have chloroplasts, because that is a characteristic of photoautothropic eukaryotes, which chordates certainly are not.
These preparations are called Vaccines. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing micro-organism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins.
Hi
Below are five major steps of DNA or gene cloning:
1: You chose the gene or specific piece of DNA you need to clone and cut the gene with restriction enzymes from the source organism.
2: You need to choose a vector for the process of cloning and you will cut the vector with same restriction enzymes through which you have cut your target DNA sequence to be inserted into the vector.
3: You place the target gene into the vector and join or seal the gene with vector by using an enzyme called DNA ligase.
4: You introduce the vector with your target gene into a suitable host organism such as yeast or bacteria through the process of Transformation. In this process host organism takes up the vector containing your target gene and starts replicating the target DNA along with their own DNA and thus creating millions of copies of target gene .
5: In the last step, the DNA or target gene is isolated from host organism and purified and is ready to be used since its quantity has been enormously increased through the process of cloning.
The cloning is also called as recombinant DNA technology and is the main process that is being used in the production of insulin for diabetes patients. You can see below image for better understanding.
Hope it help!
Because if we use too much coal we are wasting fossil fuels and burning coal hurts the environment so the alternative energy sources provide clean energy