After a client is treated for a spinal
cord injury the health care provider informs the family that the client is a
paraplegic. Given the situation the nurse is expected to provide an
explanation to the family without using jargon words. Paraplegic is known to be
a condition where a patient’s lower extremities are paralyzed.
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Answer;
-NAD+
Explanation;
-When glucose breaks down into ATP, a large amount of the energy is stored as electron on special molecules (the electron carriers). When an empty electron carrier accepts a pair of electrons, it is reduced; when it gives those electrons up later on, it is oxidized.
-NAD+ and FAD; also the two most common electron carriers in the body. NAD+ can accept a pair of electrons (and a hydrogen ion) to become NADH.
Natural changed to the ecosystem relate to environmental shock that occur naturally. Natural changes include floods, volcanic activity, hurricanes, etc. They can be destructive, but they also have advantages. Floods have the contribution of nutrients to the soil which was lacking. It can also relocate fishes and organisms living in bodies of water which improves the ecosystem.
Answer:
according to meitis the lungs
Explanation:
since lungs fallunder breathing system
