Answer:
The three main functions of the nervous system is motor, sensory and integration.
Answer:
Physiological reactions to stress in the alarm stage include: <em>increased heart rate and blood pressure, dilated pupils, rapid and shallow breath, and increased cortisol levels.</em>
Explanation:
Hans Seyle, a medical doctor proposed a model called the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to explain the effects and stages of coping with the stress. The GAS model has three stages, known as:
1. Alarm stage
2. Resistance stage
3. Exhaustion stage
The <em>alarm</em> stage is the first stage of responding to stress. During this stage, the fight-or-flight response is activated when an individual is experiencing stress. This stage involves the following physiological reactions:
1. Increased heart rate
2. Increased blood pressure
3. Dilated pupils
4. Rapid and shallow breath
5. Increased cortisol levels
I don't know how specific you need to get for this question. The basic answer would be the mitochondria as it is where the Krebs Cycle, the Electron Transport Chain, and Chemiosmosis (also referred to as oxidative phosphorylation) all occur. Chemiosmosis is where the majority of ATP is produced during cellular respiration, and it primarily occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria as protons move down the gradient through ATP Synthetase channels.
Answer:
Climate change can melt ice in cold regions, and because ice is freshwater it can change the salinity of the oceans. Some marine animals may not cope with these conditions and may die as a result. This threatens biodiversity because there would be less species of marine life in our oceans.