Congestion, pollution, crime, and disease were prevalent problems in all urban centers; city planners and inhabitants alike sought new solutions to the problems caused by rapid urban growth.
In the cities of the developing world, where population growth is outpacing the ability to provide the necessary infrastructure and services, the most serious environmental problems are expected in the immediate vicinity, with serious economic and social impacts on the urban population. Inadequate water supply to households, the accumulation of waste and unhygienic conditions require large claims in terms of unnecessary deaths and illness of one billion of the world population who lives in slums.
C because the key word effect so answer c say's some thingthing about it "establish" meaning later on, also stock exchange would be something major because it allowed them to have new things they could never get in there own country.
