Answer:
The correct answer is option d.
Explanation:
An illustration of epigenetic change is a microbe, which can stimulate modifications in the host DNA, causing suppression of defenses or weakening of individual cells. Epigenetic changes modify the physical composition of DNA.
One of the examples of epigenetic change is DNA methylation. DNA methylation refers to the supplementation of methyl group, which inhibits some of the genes from getting expressed. One of the conditions of DNA methylation is cancer.
In the majority of cancer, the tumor cells go through global hypomethylation. The tumor suppressed genes seem to turn highly methylated in the conditions of cancer.
The series of canals used to transport materials throughout the cytoplasm in the cell is Endoplasmic reticulum. It comprises of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, with the ribosomes attached to its surface and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum( no ribosomes attached)
Answer: [C]: "five-part radial symmetry" .
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Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from bacterial toxins and parasites, and by mechanical and ischemic stress. The wounded cell can survive if a rapid repair response is mounted that restores boundary integrity. Calcium has been identified as the key trigger to activate an effective membrane repair response that utilizes exocytosis and endocytosis to repair a membrane tear, or remove a membrane pore. We here review what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of membrane repair, with particular emphasis on the relevance of repair as it relates to disease pathologies. Collective evidence reveals membrane repair employs primitive yet robust molecular machinery, such as vesicle fusion and contractile rings, processes evolutionarily honed for simplicity and success. Yet to be fully understood is whether core membrane repair machinery exists in all cells, or whether evolutionary adaptation has resulted in multiple compensatory repair pathways that specialize in different tissues and cells within our body.
