Thats quite easy
the first pair always goes on the left. and the second pair goes on top. its like multiplying witu exponents. but this as an example , look at my first box. one capital L on top and the other on the left you put them together. if its capital and lowercase the capital one always goes first then its the lowercase (Ll). parent genotypes are the the two pair given to you.thr offspring genotype is the percent of the kids in the boxes. hope i helped!(:
Explanation:
The lipstick from the crime would be crushed and dissolved in an appropriate liquid solvent. The lipstick would then be placed in one of the ink spots on the starting / base line of the paper. Another spot would be created for the lipstick with which it is being compared with.
The paper chromatogram would then be placed vertically on a solvent that acts as the mobile phase. After some time, when the solvent reaches the solvent front of the paper chromatography, by capillary action, the chromatogram can be removed and left to dry.
Bands will have appeared on the chromatography paper formed from the different components of the lipstick. The bands of the lipstick from the crime scene and that with which it is being compared to are observed. If the bands are all aligned, horizontally, then this means it is a complete match. The lipstick must have been the same used at the crime scene.
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If you compare the original DNA with the mutated DNA, the first C got “substituted” by an A after the mutation.
So the answer is (C) substitution.
The answer is hydrogen bonds