The difference between granites and basalts is in silica content and their rates of cooling. A basalt is about 53% SiO2, whereas granite is 73%. Intrusive, slowly cooled inside the crust.
The scenario that is an example of an innuendo is '<span>Prior to allowing the students to open their test booklets, Mrs. Smith tells the students to put away their notes.'. The 'taking away of the notes' would implicitly mean that they will be having a test. </span>
Using the population we can get a wider variety of sample sizes.
Outcomes for any given situation can be drastically changed based on the individual put in that situation. Thus, we use the whole population to cover a wider range of possibilties.