For the first part, use the question M=mol/vol (liters)
To do this, you have the given 1.6 M solution
divide the 360g by the molar mass of ethanol (44.07) to get moles
360/44.07=8.16 mol
so
1.6M = 8.16 mol/x vol
volume: 5.1 Liters
Answer:
3 e⁻ transfer has occurred.
Explanation
This is a redox reaction.
- Oxidation (loss of electrons or increase in the oxidation state of entity)
- Reduction (gain of electrons or decrease in the oxidation state of the entity)
- An element undergoes oxidation or reduction in order to achieve a stable configuration. It can be an octet or duplet configuration. An octet configuration is that of outer shell configuration of noble gas.
- [Ne]= (1s²) (2s² 2p⁶)
A combination of both the reactions( Half-reactions) leads to a redox reaction.
Let us look at initial configurations of Al and Cl
[Al]= 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹
[Cl]= 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵
Hence, Al can lose 3 electrons to achieve octet config.
and, Cl can gain 1e to achieve nearest noble gas config. [Ar]
This reaction can be rewritten, by clearly mentioning the oxidation states of all the entities involved.
Al⁰ + Cl⁰ → (Al⁺³)(Cl⁻)₃
Here, Aluminum is undergoing an oxidation(i.e loss of electrons) from: 0→(+3)
Chlorine undergoes a reduction half reaction (i.e gain of electrons) from: 0→(-1). There are 3 such chlorine atoms, hence 3 e⁻ transfer has occurred.
Answer: SO₂ + H₂O → HSO₃ ⁻ + H⁺
Justification:
1) Ionization means formation of ions.
2) Ions are species that are not neutral, they are charged, in virtue of having less or more electrons than protons.
3) Ionization may happen in different environments.
4) Ionic compunds, like Mg(OH)₂ dissociate into ions (ionize) in water. That is the example shown in the fourth option:
Mg(OH)₂ → Mg ²⁺ + 2OH⁻
5) How much a ionic compound dissociates in water (ionize) depends on the Ksp (product solubility constant) which measures the concentrations of the ions that can be in the solution.
6) The Ksp for Mg(OH)₂ is very low, meaning that it will slightly ionize.
7) SO₂ + H₂O forms H₂SO₄, which is a strong acid, meaning that it will ionize fully in water, into the ions HSO₃ ⁻ and H⁺, so the third option is a good example of ionization.
Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher performed the oil drop experiment.
