Question

What comes up to the surface with cold upwelled water? What effect does this have on the local fishery? What happens to this cold upwelled water during an El Nino event? (Explain your answer in complete sentences. Make sure you clearly answer all of the points of the question)

Answer 1

El Niño is a phenomenon that impedes the occurrence of upwellings in South America's coasts. 1) Nutrients. 2) Favors local fisheries. 3) Upwellings do not occur during El Niño events.

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The El Nino Southern Oscillation -ENSO- phenomenon occurs due to a complex system of climatic oscillations between the ocean and the atmosphere.

This phenomenon causes significant perturbations in the usual pluvial regimens in the tropics. It provokes

• dry seasons in areas where it usually rains

• rainy seasons in desertic regions.

ENSO phenomenon is dominant in the global climate system.

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

⇒ Under normal conditions

• Pacific warm water and air masses move westward, making it possible for cold water to ascend in South America's coasts, in a process known as upwelling.

• Upwelling occurs in South America, providing nutrients from the bottom to the animals, especially fishes -which favors fisheries activities-.

• Humidity goes straight to the west precipitating in Eastsouth Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, among other places.

⇒ Under El Niño conditions

• A tropical and weak stream in the Pacific acquires strength while the opposite streams debilitate.

• This change impedes warm water go westward, remaining on South America's coasts.

• Upwelling does not occur on the South America coasts. In some regions, temperatures rise, and unusual precipitations occur in desertic or dry areas -Atacama desert-.

• Other affected areas are Eastsouth Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, where there are fewer precipitations and cooler temperatures. Rainfall drops below the average, affecting crops and livestock.

1) What comes up to the surface with cold upwelled water?

• Nutrients.

• Upwelling is vertical water currents, which transport cold water with nutrients from the bottom to the surface.

2) What effect does this have on the local fishery?

• Favors local fisheries

• Nutrients coming from the bottom benefit fishes and increase their population growth rates.

• The increase in the number of fish means a direct increase in fisheries activities.

• Local fisheries can catch more animals because the population sizes are big enough.

3) What happens to this cold upwelled water during an El Nino event?

• Upwelling does not occur during El Niño events.

• Warm water remains on south America's coasts. Hence, cold water from the bottom carrying nutrients does not get to ascend.

• These are unfavorable seasons from local fisheries.

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You can learn more about El Niño events at

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