What is one example of how humans affect the geosphere ?

1. Why do scientists use the scientific method? *

jeka94

1. Answer: to answer questions about the natural world

The aim of scientific method is to answer a question that the scientist have. To answer the question, the scientist need to design a research or observation. If the research is flawed, the result might not match with the scientist aim and the conclusion will be wrong. Scientific method can be used to help design the research so it will have less flaw

2. Answer: fertilizer

The student wants to determine the effect of a certain brand of liquid fertilizer on the growth of ivy. The fertilizer are hoped to influence the growth of the ivy. Independent variable is the variable that hoped to influence the dependent variable. So, the independent variable would be fertilizer.

3. Answer: soil; light

Control variable is the variable that could influence the independent variable, but doesn't want to be observed. Control variable should be made same so it wont influence the result. In this case, the plant use the same amount of soil. The plant also put in front of a same window, so they should get the same amount of sunlight.

4. Answer: Humidty

The scientist wants to determine if humidity affects chirping in crickets. The humidity hoped to affects the chirping in crickets. Independent variable is the variable that hoped to influence the dependent variable. So, the humidity is independent variable while the number of chirping is the dependent variable.

5. Answer: dependent variable

The scientist is testing the efficiency of various microwaves by measuring the temperature of water. The microwaves is hoped to influence the temperature of the water. So, the temperature would be the dependent variable of the experiment and the microwaves will be the independent variable

6. Answer: water; air; soil

Abiotic factor consist of factor that made of non-living things. Water, air and soil is not a living things. Animals like elephant should be clearly living so they are biotic factor. Grass and tree could not move freely like animal and hard to determine if still living or not, but they should be considered as living thing.

7. Answer: an alligator submerges itself under water to stay cool in the summer; an alligator suns itself on the shore to raise its body temperature.

If a bird picks food from alligator teeth, it would be interaction of biotic factor with biotic factors. Alligator trying to control their body temperature by sunbath or submerge would be interaction between abiotic factor(sunlight, water) with biotic factor(alligator). Oxygenated water is interaction between abiotic factor(water) with abiotic factor(air/oxygen).

8. Answer: strong adhesion

Water has high heat capacity which makes it temperature hard to changes. It will need more energy/heat to change the temperature of water when compared to air. Adhesion of water makes it could stick to other things while cohesion makes the water stick to itself. The force that cause molecules of water to stick to the sides of a drinking straw would be adhesion.

9. Answer: 14

oxygen has atomic number 8 and atomic mass of 14. The atomic number show the amount of proton and electron that the oxygen has while the atomic mass show the sum of proton and neutron. The number of protons and neutrons in stable oxygen would be 14, same as the atomic mass.

10. Answer: protons; neutrons

Protons and neutrons could be found in the nucleus of the atom while the electron is orbiting in the outer layer. The mass of the atom mostly contributed by the protons and neutrons while the electron is too small and their mass is negligible.

11. Answer: ions are atoms with extra electrons or too few electrons; isotopes are atoms with extra neutrons or too few neutrons; isotopes are radioactive

When an atom has less electron it will be called cation while the atom with more electron called anion. Isotopes have different number of neutrons which make some of them become radioactive. Isotope should have the same number of electrons.

12. Answer: it has 4 valence electrons, so it can make 4 strong bond with other atoms.

Carbon made most of the organic compound. Carbon can be found in carbohydrate, protein and lipid. It has 4 valence electrons which enable 4 slot of covalent bond with oxygen and hydrogen which allow those 3 molecule to have many type of bonds.

13. Need image to answer

14. Answer: The compound has different properties, because the bonds cause structural changes of the elements

Compound will have different properties compared to the element that makes it. Table salt is made of natrium and chlorine atom. The natrium element will explode when exposed to water while natrium chloride is found most in the sea.

15. Answer: exothermic

Reaction that produce energy will be called exothermic while reaction that absorb energy called endothermic. If the reaction cause light and explosion, then the reaction should produce energy and called exothermic. The ion or compound should have no relation in this.

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3 years ago

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Sergei Winogradsky Choose one: A. discovered microbial fermentation. B. developed a pure culturing system using agar. C. identif

NeX [460]

Answer:

D. Discovered chemolithotrophs in natural enviroments.

Explanation:

Sergei Winogradsky was a russian microbiologist. He observed in his research with genus of bacteria <em>Beggiatoa, </em>they were able to oxidize hydrogen sulfide as an energy source. Being the first example known of lithotrophs (organisms that use inorganic substrate in order to obtain energy).

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2 years ago

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What object is thousands of kilometers?

uranmaximum [27]

If we talk about "space" as being anything in the universe outside the atmosphere of Earth, then space is very, very big indeed. How big? The diameter of the Earth is 12 000 kilometers. The distance from the Earth to the moon is 400 000 kilometers. The diatance from the Earth to the sun is 150 million kilometers. The diameter of the entire solar system, as measured by the orbit of Neptune, is about 8000 million kilometers. The distance from here to the nearest star (other than our own sun) is 40 million million kilometers. The distance from here to the center of our galaxy is about 250 000 million million kilometers. The distance to the great nebula in Andromeda, the nearest galaxy believed to be similar to our own, is 15 million million million kilometers. And the distance to the edge of the known universe is around 100 000 million million million kilometers.

To allow astronomers to use reasonably small numbers in conversation when they're talking about the distances between planets, they use a distance called the Astronomical Unit. One Astronomical Unit, or A.U., is just the average distance between the Earth and the sun, which works out to 149 597 870 kilometers. A beam of light would take 8-and-1/3 minutes to cross this distance, which, to put it another way, means that anything we see happening on the surface of the sun actually took place 8 minutes and 20 seconds ago. In terms of this unit, Pluto's orbit is only 40 A.U.s from the sun, and Mercury orbits the sun a scant 0.4 A.U.s away from it. However, the nearest star is still 260 000 A.U.s from us, which means that such a large unit is still too small to use to talk about the distances to nearby stars.

Distances to nearby stars are measured by using trigonometric parallax. Put simply, if you measure where in the sky a star is in December, and then measure its position again in June, it will have shifted a tiny tiny bit in relation to distant background stars. This is similar to the way the position of a nearby object seems to shift in relation to the background if you look at it with your left eye, then with your right. This tiny movement is called the parallax angle. Even for the closest stars, the parallax angle measures less than one arc-second (1/3600 of one degree), which is about the diameter of the small white disk that the star makes on a photographic plate if you take a picture of it with a really big telescope. The distance a star would have to be away to have a parallax angle of only one arc-second is called a parsec, and works out to a whopping 206 265 A.U.s; a star whose parallax angle was 1/2 an arc-second would be two parsecs away. Such small angles can be measured if done carefully, and have been measured for most of the stars believed to be nearby. Compared with the planets of our own solar system, the stars are extremely distant and extremely far apart.

The stars are so far apart, in fact, that astronomers and science fiction authors alike prefer to talk about interstellar distances in terms of "light-years." A light-year is the distance that a beam of light, uninterrupted and in empty space, would travel in a year -- which is about 9 470 000 000 000 (nine million million, four hundred seventy thousand million) kilometers. A star with a parallax angle of one arc-second works out to be 3.262 light-years away. In terms of this unit, the nearest star (Proxima Centauri) is only 4.22 light-years away, which is a reasonably low and palatable number.

To put it another way, though, this means that anything we see happening on or near Proxima Centauri actually happened 4.22 years ago. When we look out at Proxima Centauri through a telescope, we are looking 4.22 years into the past. When we look at the center of our own galaxy, we're looking 25 000 years into the past. When we look at the nearest spiral-type galaxy to our own, we're looking one-and-a-half million years into the past. Thus, when we say the edge of the visible universe is about 10 000 million light-years away, we are also, in a way, saying that the universe is at least 10 000 million years old.

To sum it up, then:

1 A.U. = 149 597 870.61 kilometers

1 light-year = 63 239.7 A.U.s = 9 460 530 000 000 kilometers

1 parsec = 3.261633 light-years = 206 264.806 A.U.s = 30 856 780 000 000 kilometers

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