In the long-run, the supply of high-skill is perfectly elastic.

Classify each of the following in terms of their effect on interest rates (increase or decrease): I. Covenants on borrowing beco

kozerog [31]

Answer: I decreases; II decreases; III decreases

Explanation:

Debt Covenants becoming more restrictive means that less people want to borrow money. This shifts the demand curve to the left and this Decreases interest rates.

The Fed increasing money supply means that there is more money in the economy. This shifts the supply curve to the right thus having the effect of reducing Interests rates as there is more money available for loans.

Total Household Wealth increasing means that Households have less of an incentive to borrow money. This reduces the demand for interest rates so interest rates decrease.

5 0

3 years ago

Suppose that output (Y ) in an economy is given by the following aggregate production function: Yt = Kt + Nt where Kt is capital

shusha [124]

Answer:

Check the explanation

Explanation:

Yt = Kt + Nt

Taking output per worker, we divide by Nt

Yt/Nt = Kt/Nt + 1

yt = kt + 1

where yt is output per worker and kt is capital per worker.

a) With population being constant, savings rate s and depreciation rate δ.

ΔKt = It - δKt

dividing by Nt, we get

ΔKt/Nt = It/Nt - δKt/Nt ..... [1]

for kt = Kt/Nt, taking derivative

d(kt)/dt = d(Kt/Nt)/dt ... since Nt is a constant, we have

d(kt)/dt = d(Kt/Nt)/dt = (dKt/dt)/Nt = ΔKt/Nt = It/Nt - δKt/Nt = it - δkt

thus, Capital accumulation Δkt = i – δkt

In steady state, Δkt = 0

That is I – δkt = 0

S = I means that I = s.yt

Thus, s.yt – δkt = 0

Then kt* = s/δ(yt) = s(kt+1)/(δ )

kt*= skt/(δ) + s/(δ)

kt* - skt*/(δ) = s/(δ)

kt*(1- s/(δ) = s/(δ)

kt*((δ - s)/(δ) = s/(δ)

kt*(δ-s)) = s

kt* = s/(δ -s)

capital per worker is given by kt*

b) with population growth rate of n,

d(kt)/dt = d(Kt/Nt)/dt =

= $\frac{\frac{dKt}{dt}Nt - \frac{dNt}{dt}Kt}{N^{2}t}$

= $\frac{dKt/dt}{Nt} - \frac{dNt/dt}{Nt}.\frac{Kt}{Nt}$

= ΔKt/Nt - n.kt

because (dNt/dt)/Nt = growth rate of population = n and Kt/Nt = kt (capital per worker)

so, d(kt)/dt = ΔKt/Nt - n.kt

Δkt = ΔKt/Nt - n.kt = It/Nt - δKt/Nt - n.kt ......(from [1])

Δkt = it - δkt - n.kt

at steady state Δkt = it - δkt - n.kt = 0

s.yt - (δ + n)kt = 0........... since it = s.yt

kt* = s.yt/(δ + n) =s(kt+1)/(δ + n)

kt*= skt/(δ + n) + s/(δ + n)

kt* - skt*/(δ + n) = s/(δ + n)

kt*(1- s/(δ + n)) = s/(δ + n)

kt*((δ + n - s)/(δ + n)) = s/(δ + n)

kt*(δ + n -s)) = s

kt* = s/(δ + n -s)

.... is the steady state level of capital per worker with population growth rate of n.

3. a) capital per worker. in steady state Δkt = 0 therefore, growth rate of kt is zero

b) output per worker, yt = kt + 1

g(yt) = g(kt) = 0

since capital per worker is not growing, output per worker also does not grow.

c)capital.

kt* = s/(δ + n -s)

Kt*/Nt = s/(δ + n -s)

Kt* = sNt/(δ + n -s)

taking derivative with respect to t.

d(Kt*)/dt = s/(δ + n -s). dNt/dt

(dNt/dt)/N =n (population growth rate)

so dNt/dt = n.Nt

d(Kt*)/dt = s/(δ + n -s).n.Nt

dividing by Kt*

(d(Kt*)/dt)/Kt* = s/(δ + n -s).n.Nt/Kt* = sn/(δ + n -s). (Nt/Kt)

$\frac{sn}{\delta +n-s}.\frac{Nt}{Kt}$

using K/N = k

$\frac{s}{\delta +n-s}.\frac{n}{kt}$

plugging the value of kt*

$\frac{sn}{\delta +n-s}.\frac{(\delta + n -s)}{s}$

n

thus, Capital K grows at rate n

d) Yt = Kt + Nt

dYt/dt = dKt/dt + dNt/dt = s/(δ + n -s).n.Nt + n.Nt

using d(Kt*)/dt = s/(δ + n -s).n.Nt from previous part and that (dNt/dt)/N =n

dYt/dt = n.Nt(s/(δ + n -s) + 1) = n.Nt(s+ δ + n -s)/(δ + n -s) = n.Nt((δ + n)/(δ + n -s)

dYt/dt = n.Nt((δ + n)/(δ + n -s)

dividing by Yt

g(Yt) = n.(δ + n)/(δ + n -s).Nt/Yt

since Yt/Nt = yt

g(Yt) = n.(δ + n)/(δ + n -s) (1/yt)

at kt* = s/(δ + n -s), yt* = kt* + 1

so yt* = s/(δ + n -s) + 1 = (s + δ + n -s)/(δ + n -s) = (δ + n)/(δ + n -s)

thus, g(Yt) = n.(δ + n)/(δ + n -s) (1/yt) = n.(δ + n)/(δ + n -s) ((δ + n -s)/(δ + n)) = n

therefore, in steady state Yt grows at rate n.

5 0

3 years ago

In terms of the increasing complexity in media buying and selling, _____ often employ(s) communications vehicles outside traditi

Cerrena [4.2K]

Answer:

Value-added packaging

Explanation:

Value-added packaging is self-explanatory, you try to make a packaging that adds more value to the customer. Since every customer will see the package, you can reach them more than traditional media planning. The value itself can vary widely. By making an artistic design, the customer can better impression about the product. A premium looked packaging will show more prestige to the customer. Some creative packaging can efficiently save space while still protecting the product.

3 0

3 years ago

A zero-sum situation is a situation in which individuals are so linked together that there is a positive correlation between the

pashok25 [27]

The answer is "false"

3 0

3 years ago

Assume that Juanita is indifferent between investing in a corporate bond that pays 12.00 percent interest and a stock with no gr

Dennis_Churaev [7]

Answer:

Juanita's marginal tax rate is 42.5%

Explanation:

marginal tax rate = MTR

After tax yield of dividend paying stock is 8.1% * (1-0.15) = 0.069 = 6.9%

The after tax yield of the bond will be 6.9%

Therefore,

6.9% = 12.0% * (1 - MTR)

6.9% = 12.0% - 12.0% *MTR

6.9% - 12.0% = -12.0% * MTR

-0.051 = -0.12*MTR

MTR = 0.051/0.12 = 0.425

MTR = 42.5%

3 0

3 years ago