The first one; a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another
Answer: pathogen–host coevolution
Explanation:
A major driver of evolution is Reciprocal coevolution between host and pathogen. Rather than pathogen, one-sided adaptation to a nonchanging host, high virulence specifically favoured during pathogen–host coevolution. In all of the independent replicate populations under coevolution, the pathogen ( B. thuringiensis ) genotype BT-679 with known nematocidal toxin genes of C. elegans and high virulence specifically swept to fixation but only some of them go under one-sided adaptation,
so relative change in B. thuringiensis virulence was greater than the relative change in C. elegans resistance is due to the elevated copy numbers of the plasmid containing the nematocidal toxin genes
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Answer: Denaturation involves the breaking of many of the weak linkages, or bonds (e.g., hydrogen bonds), within a protein molecule that are responsible for the highly ordered structure of the protein in its natural (native) state. Denatured proteins have a looser, more random structure; most are insoluble Denaturation involves the breaking of many of the weak linkages, or bonds (e.g., hydrogen bonds), within a protein molecule that are responsible for the highly ordered structure of the protein in its natural (native) state.
Explanation:
Answer:
The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with hormones from reproductive tissues and organs. In both sexes, the hypothalamus monitors and causes the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
