The French Royal Academy wasn't much interested in Dutch portraits or still-life paintings. The academy was founded in 1648 as the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. After being shut down during the French Revolution, when reestablished, it was renamed the Academy of Painting and Sculpture. (The "royals" weren't on the throne anymore.) In 1816 two other academies (music and architecture) were merged into it and it became the Academy of Fine Arts.
The Academy functioned not only as a place for artists to exhibit their work, but also as a training grounds for promising students. A problem with the Academy, though, was that it developed essentially a monopoly over the visual arts, and tended to corral artists into adopting an "Academy" style that adhered to specific rules and methods. Not until the Impressionist movement of the late 19th century did a group of non-Academic style artists manage to challenge the rigid aesthetic governance of the Academy.
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<span>If Joseph McCarthy put you on the “black list,” that means he probably thought you were a "communist," since this was a time of great paranoia regarding communism in the United States--during the Cold War. </span>
The Puritans left England to get more religious freedoms and to escape persecution.
