In 1787 delegates from the thirteen states convened in Philadelphia to replace the unwieldy Articles of Confederation with a Constitution to endow the federal government with sufficient power to hold the country together. This short document, which was a result of both high idealism and low political horsetrading, has survived a Civil War and the massive expansion of the country to become the oldest constitution in the world. The Constitution itself, however, merely describes the functions of the federal government. It was left to ten Amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, to protect individual freedoms.
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Jefferson, Madison and other opponents feared the treaty gave too many concessions to the British. They argued that Jay's negotiations actually weakened American trade rights and complained that it committed the U.S. to paying pre-revolutionary debts to English merchants.
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C. He Describes the pillaging of the Dome.
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In 1493, Pope Alexander VI settled the conflict between Spain and Portugal over the newly discovered lands outside Europe in the Treaty of Tordesillas. It was the Pope who had to settle the argument because Spain didn't have enough military power in the Atlantic to fight the Portuguese, so they preferred a diplomatic settlement. The Pope divided the lands along an imaginary line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands; the lands of the East were to belong to Portugal, and the lands of the West were for Spain.