Answer:
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Explanation:
Answer:
1.8 mm
Explanation:
given data
thick = 2.5 mm
flux = 1 ×
kg/m²
high pressure surface is 2 kg/m³
solution
we use fick first law for steady state diffusion
J = D ×
..........1
we take here Ca to point which concentration of nitrogen is 2 kg/m³
so we solve Xb
Xb = Xa + D ×
assume Xa = 0 at surface
Xb = 0 + ( 12 ×
) ×
Xb = 1.8 × 
Xb = 1.8 mm
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
An operational amplifier usually has a high open loop gain of around 10^5 which allows a wide range get of feed back levels in order to achieve the desired performance so therefore a low open loop gain reduces the range feed back level thereby reducing the performance which can cause errors in the output voltage.
Answer:
Explanation:
Engineering Stress is defined as Load applied to the original cross-sectional area which we have taken in the start.
True stress is defined as the load divided by area of cross-section of specimen at that instant.
Engineering stress and true stress can be expressed by relation

Where


