The purpose of a hook is to catch the readers attention, Instead of keeping the essay plain and boring.
"in the past" makes the most sense here :)
A direct object is a noun, pronoun or group of words serving as the receiving end of an action. So in this case,
Settlers (answer!)
This should be the answer as settlers are at the receiving end of the protection from the judge! :)
Costume designing, set design, makeup/ hair, and lighting.
