In competitive market equilibrium, the allocation of the social surplus is such that no individual can be made better off without making someone else worse off.
The phrase "competition equilibrium" refers to an equilibrium condition when the firm's goal of maximising profits and the customers' goal of maximising utility both aspire to reach an equilibrium price as a result of freely determined prices.
According to the theory of competitive equilibrium, the firm's supply of the product is equal to the market's demand for that same amount of the product. It is a circumstance in which neither the buyer nor the seller can strengthen their bargaining position with regard to the goods being sold.
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Answer:
We make use of EBIT (Earnings before Interest and Tax)
Explanation:
Each company has different capital structure (i.e mixture of equity and debt) that gives its weighted average cost of debt. This is depended on the risk profile of the company and macro economic policy prevailing in its jurisdiction.
At the same time, the tax liability of each company differ at different point in time which is depended on the nature of its transactions and the tax laws operating at its jurisdiction.
It is assumed that firm may not have absolute control over all these variables. Hence, in order to ensure that a fair basis is used in comparing similar firms performance, EBIT is always used as a common ground for comparing performance.
Answer:
1. How is a bond like an IOU?
A bond is an IOU because it is actually a type of IOU. A bond is in essence a security in which the bond issuer promises to pay the bondholder the full value of the bond at maturity, plus interest payments (coupons) that can be paid either periodically, or at maturity as well.
2. Why is an investment grade bond is considered a “safe” investment?
Investment grade bonds are those bonds that have a rating that is considered "safe". This rating is provided by agencies such as Standard and Poors or Moody's. It is the credibility behind these agencies that makes a bond with that type of rating a safe investment.
3. How can an investor make money by buying a bond?
The investor makes money because he or she obtains the full value of the bond at maturity plus interest (coupon payments).
Bondholders also have priority over stockholders in case of bankruptcy, so a bond is in many cases a safer investment than a stock.
4. Would you recommend your Stock Market Game team include a bond in your portfolio? Why, why not?
Yes, bonds should be included because they are one of the two main types of securities, the other being stocks precisely. Companies often have to take the decision to finance their operations either with bonds or stocks, or a combination of the two, so if the game includes bonds, it also becomes more realistic.
Answer: $535,500. $15,000 times .02 (2%) is 300. $15,000 plus 300 is $15,300. $15,300 times 35 is $535,500
