A. chemical precipitation of minerals from seawater
<span />The scientist that collaborated with Theodor Schwann was Matthias Schleiden this collaboration happened when Matthias Schleiden stated that plant tissues were made up of cells.
A scientific explanation is backed up with data, experiments, observations, and has a large amount of evidence. A non-scientific explanation is usually backed up with beliefs, and opinions. There is no "science" behind that type of explanation.
The freezing point of water is zero degrees Celsius.
Answer: B. Commensalism
Explanation: Commensalism is an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm. So, since the remora benefits and the shark is really not harmed or benefitted, B is the best answer.