Photosynthesis is the process by which photosynthetic organisms transform light energy into chemical energy
Photosynthesis is an oxidative reductive metabolic pathway in which water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrates
Light reaction of photosynthesis is concerned with light dependent oxidation of water and synthesis of high energy compounds such as ATP and NADPH
All proteins and cofactors which involves in light reaction are present in thylakoid membrane hence light reaction of photosynthesis completed in thylakoid membrane
Transfer of electron and protons in thylakoid membrane is carried out by four protein complexes and two mobile electron carriers
Oxidation of one water molecule generates two electrons, two protons and one atom of oxygen
Transfer of one electron from Photosystem II (PSII) to Photosystem I (PSI) requires one photon and transfer of one electron from PSI to NADP+ requires one photon, thus transfer of two electrons from PSII to NADP+ requires four photons
Flow of two electrons from cytochrome b6f complex drives transportation of four protons from stroma to lumen
Thus oxidation of one water molecule establish gradient of 6 H+, gradient of 6 H+ drives synthesis of 2 ATP
Reduction of 1 NADP+ to NADPH requires two electrons, thus oxidation of one eater molecule generates 1 NADPH

7 0

3 years ago

Now we need to prepare a buffer that has a pH of 7.4. We need this specific pH to

Anestetic [448]

Answer:

b) By mixing weak base with its conjugate acid and then adjusting the pH with strong acid.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, considering that the buffer required a pH greater than 7 where the basic conditions are present, we need a weak base and its conjugate base in order to assure such pH greater than 7. Moreover, by using a strong acid, we can gently add it in order to decrease the pH up to 7.4 via a properly measured neutralization of the necessary moles of base up to a hydrogen concentration of 3.98x10⁻⁸ (pH). Therefore, answer is b) By mixing weak base with its conjugate acid and then adjusting the pH with strong acid.

Best regards.

8 0

3 years ago

In which of the following situations would exocytosis be the proper mechanism of membrane transport?

cluponka [151]

Answer:

Secretion of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is a water-soluble amine molecule

Explanation:

Exocytosis is defined as the process where cell transports secretary products which are packaged in transport vesicles such as antibodies, peptide hormones, secretory proteins, and enzymes with the help of cytoplasm to the plasma membrane.

Some example of exocytosis are:

1) Neurotransmitters secrets from nerve cells.

2) Antigens which helps to stimulate the immune response.

3) Proteins of the plasma membrane.

8 0

3 years ago

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