As an x-ray tube ages, the inside can become coated with tungsten, which can cause arcing in the tube.
When there is a short circuit inside the tube, usually from the cathode to the tube envelope, tube arcing happens. A brief loss of x-ray output and a localised artefact are the consequences. On transaxial computed tomography (CT) scans, it appears as a near-parallel, equidistant streak pattern, and on coronal and sagittal CT images, as a "horizontal" hypodense band.
The most frequent cause of x-ray tube failure is an inability to effectively disperse the heat produced during routine operation. It is common knowledge that at the anode target, heat accounts for 99% or more of the kinetic energy given to the electron beam.
Therefore, an x-ray tube ages, the inside can become coated with tungsten, which can cause arcing in the tube.
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The chronological order of events starting from poisoning should be as follows:
- Ricin enters the victim's body
- Ricin is absorbed into the blood and enters the cells
- Ricin binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
- Ricin inactivates 28s rRNA in the large subunits of the ribosomes
- Ribosomes are unable to add new amino acids to polypeptides
- Protein synthesis halts in many tissues
- Multiple organ systems fail
- The victim dies
Ricin is a plant toxin. It is poisonous to mammalian cells as it interferes with the catalytic activity of ribosomes in protein synthesis. It irreversibly binds to the ribosomal subunits and halts the polypeptide synthesis process, leading to cell death.
Note: Your question is incomplete, but probably it includes the following options:
a. Ricin is absorbed into the blood and enters the cells
b. Ricin inactivates 28s rRNA in the large subunits of the ribosomes
c. Ricin binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
d. Ricin enters the victim's body
e. Multiple organ systems fail
f. Protein synthesis halts in many tissues
g. The victim dies
h. Ribosomes are unable to add new amino acids to polypeptides
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Answer:
Calcium
Explanation:
Calcium is an important element present in the organisms body. The calcium can acts as an important messenger molecule and helps in the process of muscle contraction.
The concentration of calcium ions in the myoplasm leads to the development of force necessary for the movement of actin and myosin molecule. The calcium ions cling the cross bridge formation during muscle contraction.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).
