Host-pathogen interactions, emphasizing issues such as the host immune response upon infection, and the mechanism of pathogen transmission in the investigation and analysis of the different stages of infection.
<h3>Pathogen </h3>
The severity of the disease symptoms is referred to as virulence, and a pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its host. Pathogens are diverse in terms of taxonomy and include bacteria, viruses, and both single- and multicellular eukaryotes. Pathogens impact all living things, including bacteria, which are the target of specialist viruses called phages.
There are countless bacteria and viruses on the planet, and they live in virtually every environment. Over ten billion bacteria and one hundred billion viruses are generally present in one liter of surface seawater.
Learn more about Pathogen here:
brainly.com/question/13051879
#SPJ4
Answer:
The correct answer is given below:
Explanation:
Caenorhabditis elegans is a round worm. It is a microscopic organism that lives in the soil. It is regarded as a model organisms because its organ systems such as nervous, muscular and reproductive are similar as in higher animals such as mice and humans. 131 cells formed in the developing embryo die by the process of apoptosis. It is a programmed cell death. The cell death is not random; but which cells will die and at what stage is completely programed.
Answer:
In bees, The males (drones) genes are 100% the queen's genes (develops from the unfertilized egg), this is haplodiploid, but the females (workers and queens) have 100% of the father's gene but 50% of the mothers (queen)
Explanation:
In relatedness or diploid, both parents share and pass on a complete set of genes to the offsprings, but for haplodiploidy, all the genes of one parent are passed to the offspring excluding the other parent as in the case of drones to queen bees.
