Answer:
The Hardy-Weinberg law states that in a sufficiently large population, in which matings occur randomly and that is not subject to mutation, selection or migration, gene and genotypic free frequencies are kept constant from one generation to another, once a state of equilibrium has been reached, which in autosomal loci is reached after one generation.
It is said that a population is in equilibrium when the alleles of the polymorphic systems maintain their frequency in the population throughout the generations.
D, correct me if i’m wrong
Answer:
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect only bacteria and do not infect mammalian or plant cells. Phages are ubiquitous in the environment. Phages or bacteriophages were chosen as a model system for their simplicity, as they only contained protein-coated nucleic acid. Alfred D. Hershey and Martha Chase (who were part of the bacteriophage group) in 1952 studying the infection of the bacterium Escherichia coli by the T2 phage show that the information definitely resides in the DNA. They used phage with either [32P] -labeled DNA or [35S] -labeled proteins to infect the bacteria. Immediately afterwards, they centrifuged the sample so that the infected bacteria remain in the pellet and the virus capsids (proteins) remain in the supernatant. [35S] is found in the supernatant, whereas [32P] is found in bacteria. After one cycle of infection, it was observed that when phage labeled in the [35S] proteins were used, only 1% of the radioactivity was incorporated into the progeny. But when phages were [32P] labeled, more than 30% of the radioactivity was in the progeny. They showed directly that what is transmitted from one progeny to another is the DNA and not the proteins, despite having first "diluted" in a bacterium.
Explanation:
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria in a specific way. Bacteriophages, like other known viruses, are found in an intermediate zone between living organisms and inert matter. Bacteriophages bind to the host pathogenic bacterium, introduce their genetic material, replicate inside it and destroy it. Hersey, along with his assistant Martha Chase, used phages because they knew that T2 phages were made up of 50% proteins and 50% nucleic acids and that phages entered bacteria and reproduced. As the progeny carried the same infection traits, the genetic material of this had to be transmitted to the offspring, but the mechanism was unknown. These scientists carried out an experimental work with the T2 virus, a bacteriophage that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli, which it reproduces by attaching itself to the outer wall of the bacterium, injecting its DNA into it where it replicates and directs the synthesis of the phage's own proteins. Phage DNA is encapsulated within proteins and produces phages, which lyse or disrupt the cell and release phage from progeny. They infected a culture of bacteria with radioactively labeled phages: the protein coat with sulfur (35S) and its DNA with phosphorus (32P). After infection, they separated the phages from the bacteria by violent shaking using a mixer (hence the name of the experiment). By centrifugation the much smaller phages remained in the supernatant and the much larger bacteria in the pellet. 85% of the radioactivity corresponding to DNA appeared in the pellet and 82% of the protein in the supernatant. This result supported the idea that DNA was the only component of the bacteriophage that penetrated the interior of the bacteria and, having the ability to form new phages, constituted the genetic material.
Answer:
The problem will be because:
- <u>The error in the construction of the bridge will be actually 40 cm</u>.
Explanation:
When you, as an engineer, listen about a scale 1/20, it means that for each 1 cm in the model, it will be 20 cm in the real footbridge (20 times upper to the scale model), then how the error in the model is 2 cm, the real error is 40 cm, in this case, imagine that you didn't know that the bridge will have an error of 40 cm, which is approximately 1,31 ft, <em><u>from a side of the bridge you begin with the correct measure, and the other side you use the measure with the error of the 40 cm, the result is that when you going to finish the bridge in the center, this won't match, making more expenses to correct that big error</u></em>.
Answer:
All living things are made up of cells. Cells are building blocks of life. Cells are the simplest level of organization. The structure of multicellular organisms are made up of many parts that are required for survival of organisms. The level of organization in multicellular organisms includes: cells, tissues, organs and organ system. The organization is necessary for the body of the organisms to function properly as a characteristic feature of living being.
Magnifying glass is a convex lens that is fitted in a microscope can be used to magnify the image of object under observation. A magnifying glass in a microscope can be used to magnify minute cells and small living creatures. All cells aggregate to form tissues. It can be used to see the arrangement of cells in a tissue specimen and small organelles like chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus and others.
Therefore, observations under the magnifying glass support the idea of organization is one of the characteristics of life.
