Answer:
The CFTR behaves like a channel for chlorine. Its dysfunction affects both the transport of this ion and other ions and the transport of water, which causes a thickening of secretions, an alteration of mucociliary transport and local defenses, facilitating bacterial colonization and promoting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in the airway
Explanation:
CFTR is a protein expressed in the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, pancreas, bile ducts, sweat glands and genitourinary system. It is made up of a single chain made up of 1,480 amino acids. It contains 12 hydrophobic regions embedded in the lipid membrane and acts as a channel for chlorine.The highest levels of expression of the CFTR protein are found in serous cells of the submucosal glands of the proximal airway. In them, Cl- is released to the outside. In addition, there are channels for Na +, through which this ion is also secreted in the same direction. These movements cause the displacement of water and also of mucins, originating in the submucosal glands, allowing their presence on the surface of the airway. For all this to occur normally, a basolateral Na + - K + - ATPase cotransporter must function, another basolateral cotransporter formed by Na +, K + and 2 Cl-, which allows the latter to enter the cell, and an apical CFTR channel through which it exits the Cl- of the cell towards the acinar lumen. Na + leaves the cell following Cl- by a paracellular pathway accompanied by water. When CFTR malfunctions, Cl- does not exit through this channel and this implies a decrease in Na + and water in the canalicular lumen, with the consequent thickening of secretions.
Answer:
Ocean circulation patterns is directly linked with the marine ecosystem. El Nino event hinders the climate interaction of ocean.
Explanation:
- The disturbance in the ocean climate interaction transfers the essential nutrients into the deep down ocean leaving very tiny amount at the surface. It lacks the support to plankton growth.
- Ocean circulation patterns can sometime make the ocean food ecosystem less productive.
- El Nino event reverses the ocean current. Surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become significantly warmer than usual during this event. So the drifting starts towards east direction (normally driven west).
<span>A drumlin differs from a roche moutonnee, in that it is a depositional smooth val shaped small hill up to 1.5 km long and 60 mm tall, having a steep end and a sloping end (elongated in the direction ice flowed). Roche Moutonee is an erosional landform formed when a glacier moving over the top of the rock moves one side giving it a jagged edge and abrading the other side giving it a smooth edge.</span>
Answer:
a i believe is the answer
Explanation:
Answer:
a) 1/4 or 25%
b) 1/4 or 25%
c) 1/4 or 25%
d) 1/4 or 25%
Explanation:
<em>Both cataracts and bone fragility are dominant conditions and are independently inherited. Let cataracts allele be represented by C and fragile bone by B.</em>
A man with cataracts (CC or Cc) and normal bones (bb), whose father had normal eyes would have the genotype Ccbb. The cataract would be heterozygous because he had a normal eyes father. The affected allele must have been inherited from his mother.
A woman free from cataracts (cc) but with fragile bones (BB or Bb) whose father had normal bone would have the genotype ccBb. The fragile bone would be in heterozygous condition because she had a normal bone father. The affected allele must have been from the mother.
Ccbb x ccBb
<u>Offspring</u>
<em>4 CcBb - cataract eyes, fragile bone</em>
<em>4 ccBb - normal eyes, fragile bone</em>
<em>4 Ccbb - cataract eyes, normal bone</em>
<em>4 ccbb - normal eyes, normal bone</em>
a) Probability that their first child would be from both abnormalities = 4/16 or 1/4 or 25%
b) Probability that their first child would have cataracts but no fragile bones = 4/16 or 1/4 or 25%
c) Probability that their first child would have fragile bones but no cataracts = 4/16 or 1/4 or 25%
d) Probability that their first child would have both cataracts and fragile bones = 4/16 or 1/4 or 25%
