China has grown by more than 6 percent every year since the late 1970s, with rates that sometimes exceeded double digits and lifted the poverty of 700 million Chinese (using many other millionaires).
Decades of migration from the countryside to the cities have led to a large contingent of workers already earning the highest urban wages.
Migration would have made the rural labor market tighter, and the remaining rural workers would already have greater bargaining power to ask for higher wages.
The large public investments in backward infrastructure, as well as new social security and cash transfer programs.
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In the encomienda, the Spanish Crown granted a person a specified number of natives from a specific community but did not dictate which individuals in the community would have to provide their labor. ... In many cases natives were forced to do hard labor and subjected to extreme punishment and death if they resisted.
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328.2 millions
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Both China and Japan had experiences with isolationism motivated by a desire to prevent foreign influences fromundermining their values and society. The Japanese implemented the strict isolation policy because they wanted to completely ban Christianity which was rightfully perceived as the harbinger of Western domination and colonization. the Ming dynasty took an isolationist and authoritarian approach to leaderships
