C. The caste system is necessary to preserve social stability
The spread of Islam into the Maghreb is an example of Arab invasion of North Africa. The Arabs send Muslim army to Maghreb (modern morocco) to battle against Byzantines and allies, and finally conquer most of the North Africa were many Berbers (locals of Maghreb) join the Muslim army. After Arabs gain more power in the region, the Berbers are now ready to adopt and convert to Islam as well as the Arabic culture.
In ancient Mesopotamian civilization, Ziggurats were built for local religions. These were raised platforms in temple complexes that accommodated many rooms and chambers for temple priests to take care of the God and Goddess. They were built with a notion that the temples will be closer to heaven and also Gods.
The kings would continuously rebuild the ziggurats above the old one to prove their religious dedication and fervor.
Truman is claiming that if the United States does not help Greece and Turkey, they will eventually fall to communism.
This excerpt is from a speech given by Truman after World War II and is the basis of the Truman Doctrine. After World War II, the US was worried about the Soviet Union and the system of communism spreading all over Europe. If communism spread, it would increase the Soviet Union's power, making them the world's largest superpower.
The US did not want this to happen, as they feared that if one country fell to communism, nearby countries would fall as well. This is known as the domino theory. To prevent this from happening, the US ends up giving $400 million to Greece and Turkey in order to stabilize their economy.
