Internal costs are easy to see and explain. They are costs that a business bases its price on. They include costs like materials, energy, labour, plant, equipment and overheads. External costs are costs that are NOT included in what the business bases its price on.
Answer: Proteomics, generally regarded as the comprehensive study of the expression of all the proteins at a particular time in different organs, tissues, and cell types is a key enabling technology for the systems biology approach.
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is Vitamin E or α-tocopherol.
Explanation:
Vitamin E is a <u>fat-soluble</u> vitamin is first absorbed in the small intestine and is then <u>stored at the liver</u>. It is an <u>antioxidant</u> which <u>protects cells from free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS)</u>. It can also prevent bad cholesterol from depositing in the blood vessels.
Vitamin E can be <u>naturally found in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils</u>. As a dietary supplement, it takes the form of α-tocopherol. The RDA depends on the age of the person, as it may range from <u>4 mg to 15 mg per day</u>.
<u>Vitamin E deficiency is so rare</u> that it will only occur if the person has a <u>fat malabsorption illness like Crohn's disease, abetalipoproteinemia</u>, etc. Symptoms of deficiency include <em>muscle weakness, retinal degradation, peripheral neuropathy, and an immunocompromised state</em>.
Answer:
Hemoglobin is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen in the body. It is a tetrameric protein that is found in high concentration in red blood cells (erythrocytes, red blood cells). Each hemoglobin molecule is made up of four subunits: two of the alpha type and two of the beta type, and each subunit can bind an oxygen molecule through its heme group.
Structure studies have shown that hemoglobin can adopt two conformations, called T (tense) and R (relaxed). Deoxyhemoglobin (in blue) is in state T, and the union of oxygen (in red) causes the transition to state R. The animation shows a close view of the heme group (in white, balls and rods) of one of the subunits of hemoglobin. In the deoxygenated state (T), the iron atom is not coplanar with the rest of the heme group due to its association with the histidine side chain. The union of oxygen displaces the iron atom so that it remains coplanar with the rest of the heme group, which in turn drags histidine, producing a larger-scale conformational change that affects the entire protein.
Hemoglobin can be considered as a tetramer formed by two alpha-beta dimers. The conformational change associated with the transition from T to R mainly affects the relative position of these two dimers (rather than the interactions between the alpha and beta subunits within a dimer). This is illustrated in the last stretch of the animation (drawn in black and white).
