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Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. The distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the Cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.
The United States government was initially hostile to the Soviet leaders for taking Russia out of World War I and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. Although the United States embarked on a famine relief program in the Soviet Union in the early 1920s and American businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the New Economic Policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. By that time, the totalitarian nature of Joseph Stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the West. Although World War II brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward Eastern Europe had created tensions even before the war ended.
The Soviet Union and the United States stayed far apart during the next three decades of superpower conflict and the nuclear and missile arms race. Beginning in the early 1970s, the Soviet regime proclaimed a policy of détente and sought increased economic cooperation and disarmament negotiations with the West. However, the Soviet stance on human rights and its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 created new tensions between the two countries. These tensions continued to exist until the dramatic democratic changes of 1989–91 led to the collapse during this past year of the Communist system and opened the way for an unprecedented new friendship between the United States and Russia, as well as the other new nations of the former Soviet Union.
The State of Louisiana has a very peculiar and particular history. Unlike other states from the Union, Louisiana did not become a U.S state until 1812, when it was purchased by Americans from the Spanish crown. Up until that point, political, social, economical and cultural life depended entirely on first the French influence, then the Spanish cultural influx when the region came under control of the Spanish crown and finally, later, in 1812, did Louisiana became an American state with American system of government. Another point to learn about this state is that its educational development came hand-in-hand with the influence from the Catholic Church. They were the first institution, with the support of the Spanish crown, to establish educational institutions that were for the poor and rich alike, for men and women and also black and white. It was not until much later, a few years before the Civil War and later that segregation and conflicts between original Creole inhabitants of the state and citizens coming from other states started. Later on, as the ninteenth and 20th centuries developed, a set of legislative decisions both statewise and nationwise changed the way that the educational system was handled. It was then that public education as such started, but the problem was that segregation also came with it and a setback for equal education regardless of sex, religion or race. 1. The changes in legislative laws affected the educational system because it created divisions and an awareness of the reasons for these divisions, which had not been present before. 2. These legislative decisions however allowed for the increase in number of educational organization and institutions which were controlled by the state and gave more access to the poorer citizens of the state. It increased access to education but at the same time, in reality, it ensured this mostly for white people. 3. It is important to revive cultural traits in Louisiana because its history and cultural traits are very unique in the United States and it is what makes this state so different. THeir historical and cultural background enriches American history and culture. 4. Nowadays there are several attempts to bring back cultural revival in the state of Louisiana that attempt not only to teach citizens the roots from which the state arises but also ingrain a sense of belonging.
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The Réveillon riots occurred between 26–29 April 1789[1] centered in the St. Antoine district of Paris where a factory which produced luxury wallpaper was owned by Jean-Baptiste Réveillon. The factory employed around 300 people. The riots were one of the first instances of violence during the French Revolution. The factory where the riot took place was unusual in pre-revolutionary France as the factory was guild-free in an era where guilds controlled quality standards.
Protests began after rumors spread that the owner had made a speech stating that workers, many of whom were highly skilled, were to be paid lower wages and, as a result, there would be lower prices. Workers were concerned with food shortages, high unemployment, and low wages after a difficult winter in 1789. However, Réveillon was known for his benevolence towards the poor and actually stated that bread prices should be brought down to those that people could afford (below 15 sous a day) but his comments were misinterpreted as wage restrictions. He made the comments on 21 April when the assembly of the Saint-Marguerite was discussing its Cahier which all Estates drew up before the Estates-General was to be called.
After informal protests on Sunday 26 April, groups of protesters congregated on the Ile de la Cité and in the Faubourg Saint-Marcel, Marais, and Faubourg Saint-Antoine the next day for a series of protest-marches. Though the first three marches - one of which targeted the Third Estate's Assembly of Electors - were resolved peacefully, confrontations between troops and participants in the fourth demonstration led to the outbreak of violence in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine that evening.
While the protesters did not manage to destroy the factory as it was being guarded by a group of around fifty troops, a factory owned by the saltpetre manufacturer Henriot was destroyed after he made similar comments.However Réveillon’s factory was destroyed a day later as was his home The riot killed 25 people and wounded around the same number although rumour caused the casualty figures to be exaggerated. The French Guard were used to restore order.
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