In the spring of 1941, hundreds of thousands of whites were employed in industries mobilizing for the possible entry of the United States into World War II. Black labor leader A. Philip Randolph threatened a mass march on Washington unless blacks were hired equally for those jobs, stating: “It is time to wake up Washington as it has never been shocked before.” To prevent the march, which many feared would result in race riots and international embarrassment, President Franklin Roosevelt issued an executive order that banned discrimination in defense industries. His Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941, established the Committee on Fair Employment Practices (known as FEPC) to receive and investigate discrimination complaints and take appropriate steps to redress valid grievances.
The fight against fascism during World War II brought to the forefront the contradictions between America’s ideals of democracy and equality and its treatment of racial minorities. Throughout the war, the NAACP and other civil rights organizations worked to end discrimination in the armed forces. During this time African Americans became more assertive in their demands for equality in civilian life as well. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), an interracial organization founded to seek change through nonviolent means, conducted the first sit-ins to challenge the South’s Jim Crow laws.
After the war, and with the onset of the Cold War, segregation and inequality within the U.S. were brought into sharp focus on the world stage, prompting federal and judicial action. President Harry Truman appointed a special committee to investigate racial conditions that detailed a civil rights agenda in its report, To Secure These Rights. Truman later issued an executive order that abolished racial discrimination in the military. The NAACP won important Supreme Court victories and mobilized a mass lobby of organizations to press Congress to pass civil rights legislation. African Americans achieved notable firsts—Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in major league baseball, and civil rights activists Bayard Rustin and George Houser led black and white riders on a “Journey of Reconciliation” to challenge racial segregation on interstate buses.
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In the decade from 1845 to 1855, more than a million Germans fled to the United States to escape economic hardship. They also sought to escape the political unrest caused by riots, rebellion and eventually a revolution in 1848.
<span>That's an interesting question. Feudal Japan had a more formalized and ritualized kind of culture than feudal Europe did; elaborate rules of courtesy applied at all levels of society, whereas European peasants were pretty crude for the most part. In both societies there was a unifying religious principle, which in Europe was Christianity and the authority of the Church, and in Japan was shintoism and the authority of the Emperor. In both cases, a social hierarchy attempted, with considerable success, to control everyone's lives; everyone owed their fealty to someone, except for the kings in Europe or the Emperor in Japan, who didn't owe loyalty to anyone, since there was no higher authority (at least, not counting deities). Both societies had similar types of weaponry (European armor was considerably tougher) and skilled swordsmen were much to be feared and respected. In the lower classes, life was cheap. Neither society had any concept of human rights; only the nobility had rights.</span>
ealizes rycerskość (Code of Chivalry - bohaterowie-rycerze przestrzegający tego kodu) Idealizuje szlachetnego rycerza-bohatera i jego śmiałe uczynki. Kobiety są wyidealizowane i cenione przez rycerza-bohatera.
New Jersey objected it because the representation was proportional, small states would have fewer votes in Congress than the large states.
