Answer:
Answer for the question:
To compute a19 mod N, the modular exponential algorithms that we studied would do 8 modular multiplications (5 squarings and 3 multiplications by a). What is the minimum number of modular multiplications needed to compute a19 mod N if you are free to use any sequence of modular multiplications.)
is given in the attachment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
Eight and Eight Thousandths
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
The solution is 
Step-by-step explanation:
We need to write everything as a power of 3.
We know that:

So

And

This following property is also important:

To solve, the first step is putting everything with the variable x on one side and everything without the variable x on the other side





This means that:


