Answer:
In statistics and econometrics, the first-difference (FD) estimator is an estimator used to address the problem of omitted variables with panel data. It is consistent under the assumptions of the fixed effects model. In certain situations it can be more efficient than the standard fixed effects (or "within") estimator.
First differences are the differences between consecutive y-‐values in tables of values with evenly spaced x-‐values. If the first differences of a relation are constant, the relation is _______________________________ If the first differences of a relation are not constant, the relation is ___________________________
45% of 20
20 times 0.45
= 9
The answer is 9
Answer:
B
Step-by-step explanation:
B
Answer:
see explanation
Step-by-step explanation:
Given that M is directly proportional to r³ then the equation relating them is
M = kr³ ← k is the constant of proportion
To find k use the condition when r = 4, M = 160, thus
160 = k × 4³ = 64k ( divide both sides by 64 )
2.5 = k
M = 2.5r³ ← equation of variation
(a)
When r = 2, then
M = 2.5 × 2³ = 2.5 × 8 = 20
(b)
When M = 540, then
540 = 2.5r³ ( divide both sides by 2.5 )_
216 = r³ ( take the cube root of both sides )
r =
= 6