Answer:
A hydration reaction is a chemical reaction where a hydrogen and hydroxyl ion is attached to a carbon in a carbon double bond.
leptotene : homologus pairing is formed and chromosomes start to get closer to each other.
zygotene: synapsis is formed between homologus chromosomes which is apoint oattachment.
pachytene:crosing over occer that homologus chromosomes exchange THIER GENETIC METERIALS.
DIPLOTENE: chiasmata formation disapear which was formed in pachytene.
diakinasis:homologus chromosomes start to seperate from each other.
As the ion channel opens and allows its movement in an energetical direction. Then it redistributes these ions in opposite direction back across the membrane.
The Na channel opens as the membrane is hyperpolarized. The averaged collective response of single channels resembles the time course of the macroscopic current. Macroscopic currents are blocked by Tetrodotoxin (TTX) but not microscopic currents.
Opening and closing of Na channels are concentration dependent. The function of ion channels inorganic ions (like Na, K, Ca or Cl) to rapidly diffuse their electrochemical gradients that is across the lipid bilayer.
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E. coli is a micro-organism while is mobile, and possess flagella for the same It has the ability to ferment both glucose and lactose. But it can not utilize citrate. It is a common food-borne pathogen, and can be present due to poor hygienic conditions, or water contaminations.
The answer is the gradual decrease in sexual activity in some males as a
result of illnesses and losses. <span>Male menopause involves a
drop in testosterone making in men who are age 50 or older. It’s often associated
with hypogonadism. Both conditions involve lowered testosterone levels and
similar symptoms.</span>
