Question

What is the point when Earth is closest to the Sun called?

Answer 1

-- Perihelion . . . Point in Earth's orbit where we're closest to the sun.
                         We get there sometime during the first few days of January.

-- Aphelion . . . Point in Earth's orbit where we're farthest from the sun.
                       We get there sometime during the first few days of July.

-- Perigee . . . Point in the orbit of the Moon or any artificial satellite
                      where it's closest to the Earth.

-- Apogee . . . Point in the orbit of the Moon or any artificial satellite
                     where it's farthest from the Earth.

Answer 2

-------------- Perihelion ----------------