The questions has missed the multiple options. The options are as follows:
(a) organ, organ system, cellular, chemical, tissue, organismal; (b) chemical, cellular, tissue, organismal, organ, organ system; (c) chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal; (d) organismal, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical.
Answer:
Option (c).
Explanation:
The evolution of the complex organisms take several billion years. The evolution of the organisms starts from the basic level and then move to the complex forms.
The hierarchy determines the level of the organization. Cell is the basic level of organization. The cells are formed by the union of chemicals. The cell combine together to form tissue. Tissue combines together to form the organ then the organ system and finally the whole organisms.
Thus, the correct answer is option (c).
Over 70 million adults suffer from obesity in America
TLDR: Antibiotics must be taken several weeks to fully kill the bacteria. Else, surviving bacteria develops drug resistance.
Antibiotic prescription really depends on the patient's condition. Some conditions like major surgery or diseases that cause immunosuppression are more prone to bacterial infection, thus they must take antibiotics for prolonged periods of time to fight their current infections or prevent further infections.
Antibiotics, as a general rule, must be given 7 days or several weeks (depending on the bacteria/pathogen) to be sure that all the disease-causing bacteria are dead. If the drugs are taken only until symptoms fade, the surviving bacteria (now fewer in number and not causing symptoms) will develop mutations that may help resist the previously-taken antibiotic, giving rise to drug resistance.
Thus, Arjun must take the antibiotics for several weeks more (according to the doctor's orders, of course) to kill all remaining bacteria and also to prevent bacterial drug resistance. Which is really problematic, since we're slowly losing our number of effective antibiotics.
The damage of the alveoli will support the diagnosis of emphysema rather than chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema causes damage to the alveoli of the lungs. This reduces the surface area of the lungs. As a result less oxygen is supplied to the body. The damage can't be undone hence emphysema is a chronic illness. The first symptom is shortness of breath that can reach up to the level where it can happen to the person even at rest.
Chronic bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi. These people are more prone to lung infections. The symptom of the disease is wet cough due to production of excessive mucus.
To know more about emphysema, here
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