Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate (HCO3−) and H+. The H+ ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift.
Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs.
Answer:
The two major differences lies in the function and support system.
Explanation:
The two major differences between an endocrine and an exocrine system are as follows –
a) An endocrine system releases its produce (hormones) into the connective tissue i.e blood while the exocrine system releases hormones directly into the ducts so that it could reach the targeted tissue directly.
For example – the Adrenal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes adrenaline directly into the blood. The salivary gland is an exocrine gland that releases its produce into the collecting duct leading to mouth. However, Pancreas is both endocrine and exocrine gland.
b) The endocrine system cannot work alone therefore it works in coordination with the nervous system to control actions and balance the body. However, the exocrine system works independently
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Answer:
A) A single gene can only influence a single trait
Explanation:
One gene has the possibility of influencing many traits and in the same manner, multiple genes can affect a single trait.
