The waste product of humans and animals are carbon dioxide and water, that is aerobic respiration and as for anaerobic respiration it is lactic acid.
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Answer:
Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. One of these hairpin loops contains a sequence called the anticodon, which can recognize and decode an mRNA codon. Each tRNA has its corresponding amino acid attached to its end. sorry if it doesn't help
1) One way is through radiographs. Scientists have studied the spectrum that distant nebulas give off and they have managed to identify molecules that can be found in there. Among them there is hydrogen and various nitrogen and carbon molecules; even alcohol has been found some of them. Another way is by sending probes to asteroids that check not only for simple organic molecules but also aminoacids and nucleotides. A third way was the Urey Miller experiment. There, some basic atoms that can be found in space (nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon) where put together with a spark in a flask. The mixture turned brown and produced complex organic molecules quite soon. This finding makes a case for complex organic molecules being produced in space and thus it is possible that they were transferred to Earth.
2) Geothermal vents are a source of hot water and raw nutrients such as sulphur. The main theory about the genesis of life around vents is that the cells started exploiting the pH or the thermal gradient near those vents and thus had a way to produce energy. The experimental set up for this is a chemical garden, an environment that simulates those alkaline and metallic conditions and yields hollow, plant-like structures. Also some metals in the vents are great catalysts for chemical reactions in organisms. Also fossilised microbes have been found beneath such vents.
Cortex
capsule
medulla
trabeculae
-chegg
Yes. It needs all its parts to survive.