Answer:
Current bond price is $891.74
Explanation:
Coupon rate: 7%
Tenor (Nper): 13 years
Par value: $1,000
YTM (discounting rate): 8.4%
Coupon received annually (PMT) = $1,000 * 7% = $70
Current bond price = present value of coupon received annually + present value of bond
To calculate PV of coupon received, we use excel in formula PV(discounting rate ,Nper,- PMT) = PV(8.4%,13,-70) = $541.30
or calculate manually = 70/(1+8.4%)^13+70/(1+8.4%)^12+…..+70/(1+8.4%)^1 = $541.30
present value of bond = 1000/(1+8.4%)^13 = $350.44
Current bond price = $541.30 + $350.44 = $891.74
True.
At 200 feet you turn on low beams :)
Natural monopoly tends to serve a whole market exclusively.
<h2>What is Natural Monopoly?</h2>
A natural monopoly is a sort of monopoly that frequently arises as a result of the high start-up costs or considerable economies of scale of operating a business in a particular industry, which can result in significant barriers to entry for potential competitors. In a certain sector or region, a corporation with a natural monopoly might be the exclusive supplier of a given good or service. In industries that need specialized technology, raw materials, or other elements to function, natural monopolies may develop.
<h3>Key Features of Natural Monopoly</h3>
- A natural monopoly is a special kind of monopoly that develops when there is only one company that can effectively provide the service in a particular area due to high start-up costs and considerable economies of scale.
- A business with a natural monopoly may be the exclusive supplier of a good or service in a given sector or region.
- Natural monopolies are permitted when one firm can provide a good or service for less money than any potential rival, but they are frequently very tightly controlled to safeguard consumers.
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Answer:
The truth about Macaulay Duration and Modified Duration is:
d. All are true.
Explanation:
Principally, the Macaulay Duration, used mainly with immunization strategies, measures the weighted average time an investor holds a bond until the period when the present value of the bond’s cash flows equals to the initial bond amount.
On the other hand, the Modified Duration, providing a risk measure by being sensitive to interest rates, identifies the amount by which the duration changes for each percentage change in the yield and, at the same time, measures how the amount of a change in the interest rates impacts a bond's price.
Answer:
the safe steps of the MBO process are Define organizational goals Define employees are objectives continuous monitoring performance and progress perform evaluation providing feedback performance appraisal. Define organizational goals goals are critical accused organizational Effectiveness and they served a number of purposes organizations can also have several different kinds of gold all of much would be appropriately managed and a number of different kinds of managers must be involved in setting goals the goals set by their superiors are preliminary based on an analysis and judgment as to what can and what should be accomplished by the organization within a certain period. Define employees objectives after making sure the employees managers have informed a pertinent General objectives strategies and planning premises the manager can then proceed to work with employees and setting their objectives asked what goals the employees believe they can accomplish and what time. And with what resources they will then discuss some preliminary thoughts about what go seem feasible for the company or Department. continuous monitoring performance and progress MBO process is not only essential for making line managers and business organization more effective but also equally important for monitoring the performance and progress of employees for monitoring the performance and progress the following are required identifying and effective programs by comparing performance with preestablished objectives using zero based budgeting applying Bo concept for measuring individual and plans preparing long and short-range objectives and plants installing effective controls and designing a sound organizational structure with clear responsibilities and decision-making Authority at the appropriate level. performance evaluation under the NBA process performance review is made by the precipitation of concern managers. providing feedback the filial ingredients in an MBO program and continuous feedback on performance and goals that allow individuals to Monitor and correct their own actions base continues feedback is supplemented by periodic formal appraisal meetings in which superiors and subordinates can review progress toward goals weight sled to further feedback. performance appraisal. performance appraisals are irregular view of employee performance with an organization it is down at the last stage of the MBO process.
hope this helps
