The numbers refer to the mass of each carbon atom.
Since the atoms are all Carbon, the number of protons in each atom is always the same ... if the number of protons changed, then you'd have an atom of something else, not Carbon. The only way the atomic mass can change and still be an atom of the same element is by adding or removing NEUTRONS.
Carbon-14 has two more neutrons in the nucleus of its atoms than Carbon-12 has.
Hi
<span>Explicit- and implicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study complexation in two polyelectrolyte systems: poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PSS/PAH) and poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAA/PAH). Both these systems have been used in layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte films, with the first of these typically yielding linear growth in film thickness with increasing numbers of layers and the second yielding exponential growth. In both the systems, the polyelectrolytes have the same number of monomers and are present in stoichiometric proportion, and water is used as solvent. Simulations give important insights into the structure and composition of the complexes. We found that the PSS/PAH complex is more compact and has a smaller fraction of water than the PAA/PAH complex due to the presence of phenyl rings in the PSS chain and the hydrophilic nature of the charged group in the PAA chain. Either an increase in salt concentration or a decrease in partial charge fraction increases swelling and the water content in the complex. To overcome the computational limitations associated with the explicit-solvent simulation, a simple strategy to develop the force field for an implicit-solvent simulation is proposed. In the absence of salt and for fully charged polyelectrolytes, the radius-of-gyration and the various radial distribution functions predicted by the implicit-solvent simulation match well with those predicted by the explicit-solvent simulation, while reasonable agreement is obtained in the other cases. The implicit-solvent simulation was performed for bigger system sizes, and we observed trends similar to those observed for smaller system sizes, suggesting that the simulation results are independent of system size.
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hope it helps..
<u>MOMENTUM IS CONSERVED</u> (law of Nature)
That means that momentum can move from one object to another object, but it's never created or destroyed. The amount of momentum AFTER something is the same as it was BEFORE.
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<u>Before:</u>
(ball momentum = 12), (pin momentum = 0)
Ball + Pin = 12 unts
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<u>After:</u>
Momentum is conserved.
Ball + Pin still has to be 12 units
Ball = 8 units
So Pin has to be the other <em>4 units</em>.
A. A control group is given the experimental treatment.
The correct option is (D). i.e.<span>When the current is too high, a metal strip in the fuse melts and opens the circuit.
Explanation: </span>The fuse contains a small piece of wire which has very less melting point. As there is huge current flow, the wire heats to the heavy current flow & melts & the circuit is broken.
Hence, it saves the device from the heavy current flow & the device is damage free. breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance causes too much current flow.