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A systematic review and meta-analysis of empirical studies were arranged in order to appraise the relationship between sickle cell disease in pregnancy and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
<h3>What is Sickle cell disease?</h3>
Sickle cell disease may be defined as a type of inherited disease in which the red blood cells of an individual possess an abnormal crescent shape with abnormal functions as well.
Eligibility criteria included empirical studies that significantly reported maternal and perinatal health conclusions in pregnant women with sickle cell disease hostile to a comparative group of pregnant women unaccompanied by sickle cell disease.
The standard of pregnancies in women with HbSS genotype, compared with women without sickle cell disease and was at an enhanced threat of maternal mortality.
Therefore, the systematic review and meta-analysis of sickle cell disease are well described above.
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Answer:
See explanation and image attached
Explanation:
The structure of imidazole is attached to this answer. The compound is colourless. The solid can be to dissolved in water leading an alkaline solution. Owing to the fact that imidazole possesses heteroatoms in an aromatic heterocycle it is classified as a diazole. The nitrogen atoms in imidazole are not adjacent to each other.
From the structure shown, we can see that the lone pair of the sp2 hybridized nitrogen atom is available because it is not part of the aromatic system of the heterocycle. This nitrogen is much more basic than the nitrogen atom attached to hydrogen whose lone pair becomes part of the aromatic sextet hence it unavailable for protonation and less basic.
Cells respond to environmental effects through signal transduction, which promotes healthy cell growth and normal cell function.
<h3>Why is the signal transduction step necessary?</h3>
The reason why after a signal binds to a signal receptor, we need the next step is as follows:
- For the purpose of triggering an appropriate cellular response, living creatures have evolved a vast range of intricate procedures to send signals from the outside to the inside.
- These molecular pathways can develop flaws that result in a variety of ailments, including diabetes, cancer, and psychotic conditions.
- It is the mechanism by which a cell responds to the stimuli it receives from the environment by diffusion of those signals to its internal compartments.
- Signal transduction is the process by which a cell translates a given signal or external stimulus into another signal or specific response.
- First, a particular receptor on the cell's membrane or cytoplasm must be activated by a signaling molecule (also known as a ligand). transduction.
- Ligand-receptor binding is extremely specific; it can be compared to a lock and key.
- Second messengers are chemicals that enable intracellular signal amplification after a signal has been received.
- A ligand's interaction to a receptor may result in the production of hundreds of second messenger molecules, which may then change thousands of effector molecules to cause a variety of reactions.
- Signal transduction enables cells to perceive, interpret, and react to various environmental signals, enabling them to carry out their usual functions.
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