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bixtya [17]
2 years ago
9

*WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST* While nutrients cycle through environments, energy flows through an environment in one direction. This fl

ow of energy is often shown with an energy pyramid, such as the one below. -- Which of the following correctly states the percentage of energy lost between each trophic level on the energy pyramid and what that energy is lost as?

Biology
1 answer:
lakkis [162]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

I think it is the secondary consumers which the energy goes back to the soil

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For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for ______. Group of answer choices promoting
jarptica [38.1K]

Answer:

For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.

Explanation:

Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.

Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.  

4 0
3 years ago
Adaptive immunity comprises two branches: humoral immunity and cellular immunity. What are the characteristics of each of the tw
kotegsom [21]

Answer:

Adaptive or acquired immunity is that we acquire throughout our lives through vaccines (active), breast milk (passive) or injection of specific artificial or natural antibodies to a certain pathogen (passive).

The two great arms of this immunity are the humoral and the cellular.

The humoral refers to the cytokines and immunomodulatory molecules that are responsible for transmitting fundamental messages between defense cells in order to coordinate the destruction of the pathogen between them.

Instead, cellular immunity speaks about cell lineage such as b, t, tcd4 lymphocytes, natural killers, plasmacytes, etc.

It can be said that the humoral factor is the one that coordinates the pathways and the relationships between the cells of the acquired immunity, both are important because the two need each other for adaptive immunity to work.

Explanation:

Examples of the humoral factor: pro and anti inflammatory cytokines, interleukins, complement chain, antibodies, TNF alpha, beta, etc.

Examples of cellular factor: plasmacyst, b lymphocyte, t lymphocyte, NT lymphocyte

6 0
3 years ago
Complete the following statement. Sexually produced offspring often _________, and are ____________ to, _______ of their parents
ExtremeBDS [4]
Can I seee the whole topic please
7 0
3 years ago
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an adaptation is a change that occurs over time naturally within a population due to environmental influences. which of the foll
xxMikexx [17]

Answer:

An involution would be a good example of an inadequate adapting process

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3 years ago
While walking along a streambed, you encounter a reedy seedless plant. upon closer inspection, you determine that the stems cont
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For the answer to the question above, this plant is more likely a kind of "liverwort plant"
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