Homozygous individuals' genotype is composed of the same type of alleles. In this example, the offspring with homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait are SS.
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What is homozygous genotype?</h3>
The term homozygosis is used to refer to the genotype of individuals that carry the same type of alleles.
Let us remember that alleles are the alternative forms in which a gene can be expressed.
To understand the concept, let us think about a diallelic gene, which is a gene that has two types of alleles.
- Dominant allele → let us represent it with an A
- Recessive allele → let us represent it with an a
Homozygous individuals will have two alleles of the same type
- AA → homozygous dominant because it carries the dominant alleles
- aa → homozygous recessive because it carries the recessive alleles
Heterozygous individuals are those that carry two types of alleles, dominant and recessive → Aa
In the exposed example,
- the dominant allele → S → codes for smooth
- the recessive allele → s → codes for constricted
Cross 1: Two homozygous individuals are crossed
Parentals) SS x ss
Phenotype) smooth pods constricted pods
F1) The first generation is composed only of heterozygous inviduals → Ss
The whole generation has smooth pods because they carry the dominant allele which expresses the dominant phenotype.
Cross 2: Two heterozygous individuals are crossed
Parentals) Ss x Ss
Phenotype) smooth pods
F2) The second generation is composed of
- 1/4 = 25% homozygous dominant indiviudals →<u> SS → smooth</u>
- 1/2 = 50% heterozygous inviduals → Ss → smooth
- 1/4 = 25% homozygous recessive indiviudals → ss → constricted
The offspring with homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait are SS.
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