Answer:
D. Specialist Species
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What is the advantage for species to be specialists, and how can they survive in the presence of opportunistic/generalist species?</h2>
In the setting of specialized habitats or unique situations, specialized species exist. When those conditions and surroundings change, they must adapt or go extinct, thus they must survive while they still exist.
When compared to generalists, they have the benefit of efficiency, which increases the likelihood of survival and, hence, reproduction within certain settings or situations. The generalists, on the other hand, have the benefit of being able to survive in a larger variety of circumstances and have a higher probability of doing so.
Cactuses, which are plants adapted to dry environments, are an example of specialization. More generalist plant species would typically outcompete cacti in most habitats on Earth, but very few of such species could endure the harsh conditions of a desert.
Extreme environmental conditions, competition for limited resources, and "evolutionary arms races" are some of the pressures that cause specialization. Cheetahs sprint quickly both because their prey moves quickly and because quicker cheetahs will be more effective hunters and more likely to procreate. The advantage of specialization is clear when seen from the standpoint of catching the next meal on a daily basis.
My key argument is that specialization's benefits must always be viewed in the context of the environment that generated the selective pressure that resulted in specialization. Although experts are specialists because they must be, their specializations put them in danger.
