Answer : The correct answer is -
4) a process that recycles elements and other matter through the biosphere.
Biogeochemical cycle can be described as natural pathways for the recycling of the nutrients (which are primarily the chemical compounds) through biotic as well se abiotic compartments of an ecosystem.
It is broadly categorised into gaseous (such as oxygen, nitrogen, and water cycle) and sedimentary cycles (that include earthbound elements such as iron, calcium, sulphur etc).
Thus, elements and other matter are recycled through the biosphere in biogeochemical cycle.
Answer:
Biological species concept defines species as individual in a population that can interbreed and produce viable offsprings. Therefore Biological species concept is not applicable for extinct species
Morphological means in relation to structure therefore, this concept relies on similarity of structure to classify species.
Phylogenetic refers to members having the same ancestor. It classifies species according to common ancestry. Hence it will be based on evolutionary history.
Morphological and phylogenetic- Will accommodate asexual reproduction and species acceptance criteria can be subjective.
Biological, morphological and phylogenetic-Together they are used by scientists in classification
Answer:
Explanation:
Proto-oncogenes are genes that have the potential to turn normal cells to cancer cells if they mutate. Once they have a mutation, they are called oncogenes. These typically code for proteins that control the cell cycle and cell growth.
Ras proteins are intracellular, and act as molecular switches that can be inactive or active. If they are inactive and receive a signal from the extracellular space indicating that the cell has to grow, they bind GTP and become activated. Once active, they send further signals that stimulate cell proliferation and division. After a while of sending those signals, the Ras protein hydrolizes GTP to GDP because it has an intrinsic GTPase activity, and becomes inactive once again, stopping the growth signal.
Mutations in the Ras oncogene typically affect the GTPase activity, causing its loss of function and subsequently that the Ras protein stays permanently active. This, in turn, causes uncontrollable cell proliferation, characteristic of cancer.
Answer;
Kingdom plantae.
Explanation;
Kingdom plantae is a classification kingdom made up of eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that have cell walls made mostly of cellulose.
They have pigments (chlorophyll) that absorb light, and that supply energy and oxygen to themselves and to other life-forms through photosynthesis
They are Eukaryotes, multicellular, autrotrophs, and have cell walls are made of cellulose, and are also producers in an ecosystem.
