Specialization is where the production of a limited number of products focuses on a nation or individual. It is often forgotten to produce other goods and depends on trade for the other goods.
Those "pardons" were called the indulgences. It means getting the pardon and forgiveness of your sins from God, talking to the pop, or a priest, or any religious men.
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The correct answer is C) Clearcutting. Hope this helps.
It is different to the system in the Middle Ages, usually called feudalism, where control of land and the workers who were bonded to that land was the key to making wealth. So the transatlantic slave trade and plantation wealth were the major causes of the growth of capitalism in Europe
