1. skin
2. pathogen
3. bacterial, viral
4*. immune response
5*. adaptive or acquired
6. leukocytes
7*. cell-mediated immune response, humoral immune response
8. B-cells, T-cells
9*. the helper T-cell, cytotoxic t-cells
10. antibody
11. nodes
* = not 100% sure
COPD, emphysema, bronchitis , and asthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which incorporates chronic bronchitis.
<h3>What about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?</h3>
- COPD symptoms include persistent coughing or wheezing.
- Excessive sputum or phlegm.
- Respiration difficulty.
- The signs and symptoms include wheezing, expulsion mucus (sputum), and trouble breathing.
- It's frequently brought on by prolonged exposure to irritant gases or particulates, most often from cigarette smoke.
- Heart disease, carcinoma , and a variety of other diseases are more likely to occur in people with COPD.
- In around 9 out of each 10 cases, smoking is regarded to be the first cause of COPD.
- The lining of the lungs and airways can get damaged by the toxic compounds in smoke.
- Quitting smoking can help stop the deterioration of COPD.
- Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers are the initial line of therapy for the bulk of COPD patients.
- Breathing is formed easier by bronchodilators, which relax and expand the airways.
- Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers are available in two varieties: beta-2 agonist inhalers, like salbutamol and terbutaline.
- For those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have (or are in danger for) hypercapnia, an excessive amount of oxygen can be harmful.
- Patients with hypercapnia are frequently over oxygenated, despite established standards and acknowledged danger.
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Schema, assimilation and accommodation
Explanation
Schema, assimilation and accommodation are three important concepts in Piaget’s cognitive development which the kids adapt to learn and understand their world.
Schema is the mental or cognitive idea, concept or framework which organizes and interprets information. Schema is built continuously during cognitive development of children through the interweaving of the adaptation processes of assimilation and accommodation.
Assimilation helps a kid to take new information and add it to the existing schema or old information about the same concept. For ex., identifying a four-legged animal as a cow by a kid is assimilation of a new information.
Accommodation helps a kid to analyze and modify the new or old schema or information based on what is learnt or experienced. For ex., Identifying that all four-legged animals are not cow and they can be a horse or bullock also depending upon the difference in their structure is the accommodation made by the kid on top of existing schema of four-legged animals.
Answer:
the correct answer is C
Explanation:
Faced with this situation, there is hyposmolarity that excessively increases the solvent and the solute is found in a lower concentration in the solution, in this case when speaking of the organism we would be speaking of blood.
The blood volume will increase, the blood pressure too, therefore the glomerular filtration will be higher and the urine will be increased but with less concentration of solutes, therefore hyposmolar.
In the case of the respiratory system, part will excrete as water vapor and another will excrete the epithelium as perspiration.
For all this that occurs in the body, the person will then be less thirsty than usual until equilibrium is reached, since the pressure will be increased, the osmolarity will be decreased and the renal excression will also be increased until the moment they reach the volemia and the balanced osmolarity. system
Despite minimal evidence of effectiveness, pancreatic enzyme supplementation is frequently used to relieve pain in people with chronic pancreatitis.
Comparing pancreatic enzyme supplementation to placebo, no improvement in discomfort was seen. The only trial that used enzymes without an enteric coating did indicate a decrease in pain score. In both analyses, there was a significant amount of study heterogeneity. A random model meta-analysis of three studies found no evidence of a difference between the periods of administering pancreatic enzyme supplementation versus placebo in the mean daily pain score (mean difference: 0.09 (1.57-1.39), p=0.91) or average weekly analgesic consumption (mean difference: 0.30 (2.37-1.77), p=0.77). Given their high cost and probable adverse effects, pancreatic enzyme supplements shouldn't be recommended only for treating abdominal pain in people with chronic pancreatitis.
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