Supply of oil at different prices of other goods.
A cosmograph simply because that is not what any of the other graphs look like. D is the only one that can take the shape of a state.
This is a profit, which increases next year's budget.
Answer:
Special Skills Qualification (most likely)
Explanation:
There are many different things it could stand for, however since you did not specify the context of this, I am assuming it would be this as it is most common.